This page is the citation index. Every claim on the site that attaches to a named source should be traceable to an entry below. If a citation appears in the field reference, the safety report, the FAQ, or the articles that is not on this list, that is a finding for the evidence reviewer.
URLs are PubMed search links for primary literature, FDA document URLs for regulatory references, and the Huberman Lab index for practitioner appearances. Where a DOI or canonical URL is available, the reviewer should replace the search link with the direct link.
All citations from The Peptide Index, organized by type. URLs are constructed where possible from PubMed search URLs, FDA/EMA document URLs, and podcast episode metadata. Where a URL is marked [verify], the source needs the third-party reviewer to find the canonical link.
Primary literature
Peer-reviewed papers cited in the field reference and safety report. URLs are PubMed search links unless a DOI is known.
B
- Benoist et al., J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014. Dihexa. picomolar potency at HGF/c-Met in cell culture; cognitive enhancement in rodent models. PubMed
- Bioneos Inc trial data (multiple). SS-31 / Elamipretide. cardiolipin stabiliser trials. PubMed
- Bornstein et al., Neurol Sci 2017. Cerebrolysin. meta-analysis of cerebrolysin in stroke. PubMed
- Bowers et al., Endocrinology 1984. GHRP-6. growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide mechanism. PubMed
- Butler J, Khan MS, Anstrom KJ, et al. J Card Fail 2020;26(5):429-437. SS-31 / Elamipretide. PROGRESS-HF phase 2 trial in HFrEF. PubMed
C
- Chang et al., Molecules 2014. BPC-157. BPC-157 pharmacology review. PubMed
- Chapman et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996. MK-677 / Ibutamoren. oral ghrelin mimetic GH/IGF-1 effects. PubMed
- Cohen laboratory, USC (multiple). MOTS-c, Humanin, SHLPs. mitochondrial-encoded peptide discovery and follow-up. PubMed
D
- Dorr RT, Lines R, Levine N, et al. Life Sci 1996;58(20):1777-1784. Melanotan II. pilot phase-I clinical study of melanotan-II. PubMed
F
- Falutz et al., NEJM 2007. Tesamorelin. FDA-approval-supporting trial for HIV lipodystrophy. PubMed
G
- Ghigo et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997. Hexarelin. potent GHRP, GH pulse height. PubMed
- Glazova et al., Neurosci Behav Physiol 2015. Semax. BDNF and serotonergic/dopaminergic modulation. PubMed
- Goldstein et al., Wound Repair Regen 2007. TB-500 / Thymosin Beta-4. wound healing mechanism. PubMed
H
- Heffernan MA, Thorburn AW, Fam B, et al. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25(10):1442-1449. AOD-9604. modified hGH C-terminal fragment, fat oxidation in obese mice. PubMed
- Hong et al., Arch Dermatol Res 2024. GHK-Cu. copper tripeptide skin effects. PubMed
J
- Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022 (SURMOUNT-1). Tirzepatide. GIP/GLP-1 dual agonist, weight loss. PubMed
- Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2023 (phase II). Retatrutide. GIP/GLP-1/glucagon triple agonist. PubMed
K
- Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008;14(3):324-331. KPV. melanocortin-derived tripeptide, anti-inflammatory in murine IBD. PubMed
- Kaplan et al., Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (multiple). Semax. ACTH 4-10 analogue, BDNF modulation. PubMed
- Khavinson et al., Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003. Epitalon / Pinealon. pineal peptide bioregulator studies. PubMed
- Khavinson laboratory, Bull Exp Biol Med (multiple). Pinealon / Epitalon. Russian peptide bioregulator programme. PubMed
- Khavinson laboratory, Neuro Endocrinol Lett (multiple). Pinealon / Epitalon. bioregulator programme, neuroendocrine outcomes. PubMed
- Khavinson, Bull Exp Biol Med 2003. Epitalon. tetrapeptide bioregulator, telomerase activity. PubMed
- Khorram O, Laughlin GA, Yen SSC. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(5):1472-1479. Sermorelin. GHRH(1-29)-NH2 in age-advanced men and women. PubMed
- King R, Tuthill C. Vitam Horm 2016;102:151-178. Thymosin Alpha-1. immune modulation review. PubMed
- Kingsberg et al., J Womens Health 2019. PT-141 / Bremelanotide. HSDD registration trial. PubMed
- Kozlovskaya, Russian Academy of Sciences (multiple). Selank. tuftsin-derived anxiolytic, intranasal. PubMed
L
- Lee et al., Cell Metab 2015. MOTS-c. mitochondrial-encoded peptide, exercise mimetic. PubMed
- Lee et al., Cell Metab 2023. Humanin / SHLPs. mitochondrial-encoded peptide family. PubMed
N
- Nass et al., Ann Intern Med 2008. MK-677 / Ibutamoren. oral ghrelin mimetic, sleep and GH effects. PubMed
P
- Pickart, J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2008. GHK-Cu. 4,000+ human gene expression shifts on exposure to physiological GHK. PubMed
- Pyo HK, Yoo HG, Won CH, Lee SH, Kang YJ, et al. Arch Pharm Res 2007;30(7):834-839. AHK-Cu. tripeptide-copper complex effect on human hair growth in vitro. PubMed
R
- Ramos et al., Front Immunol 2018. LL-37 / Cathelicidin. human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, wound healing. PubMed
- Raun et al., Eur J Endocrinol 1998. Ipamorelin. selective ghrelin-receptor agonist, minimal cortisol/prolactin. PubMed
- Reynolds et al., Aging 2021. MOTS-c. human pharmacokinetic work in middle-aged. PubMed
S
- Schneider-Helmert D, Schoenenberger GA. Experientia 1981;37(9):913-917. DSIP. influence of synthetic DSIP on disturbed human sleep. PubMed
- Schoenenberger et al., PNAS 1977. DSIP. isolation from rabbit thalamic dialysate. PubMed
- Sikiric et al., Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018. BPC-157. 30-year programme of BPC-157 work, Zagreb. PubMed
T
- Teichman et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006. CJC-1295. pharmacokinetics of GHRH analogue. PubMed
- Tuthill et al., Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010. Thymosin Alpha-1. thymalfasin clinical review. PubMed
W
- Wilding et al., NEJM 2021 (STEP 1). Semaglutide. GLP-1 receptor agonist, 15-17% body weight loss. PubMed
Regulatory documents
- FDA Category 2 list (2023). BPC-157. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances. BPC-157 added in September 2023.. Link
- FDA PCAC 2026 agenda. BPC-157 + 6 other peptides. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee review of BPC-157 and six other peptides, scheduled 23 to 24 July 2026.. Link
- FDA removal of BPC-157 from Category 2 (April 2026). BPC-157. HHS announcement, 23 April 2026. Removal does not constitute approval.. Link
- FDA label, Egrifta SV. Tesamorelin. FDA approval for HIV-associated lipodystrophy.. Link
- FDA label, Vyleesi (2019). PT-141 / Bremelanotide. FDA approval for HSDD in premenopausal women.. Link
- Therapeutic Goods Administration (Australia, 2023). Melanotan II. Public advisory on Melanotan II safety.. Link
- FDA Evexias / Farmakeio litigation settlement (2024). BPC-157. Compounding companies challenged Category 2 placement under Administrative Procedure Act. FDA agreed to advisory review.. Link
Named practitioner appearances
Public appearances the field reference attributes claims to. These are the practitioner literature the site treats as primary sources.
- Dr Craig Koniver, MD: Huberman Lab episode, October 2024. Source for BPC-157 microdose logic, ipamorelin 100 microgram cap, 5-on-2-off pattern, microdosing GLP-1s. Huberman Lab
- Dr Kyle Gillett, MD: Huberman Lab episode on hormone optimisation, plus 'Tools for Hormone Optimization in Males' episode. Source for the CJC-1295 + ipamorelin stack at 250 to 500 micrograms each. Huberman Lab
- Dr Andy Galpin, PhD: Ask Dr Andy Galpin clips on BPC-157 and PRP. Source for the tumour-risk warning on angiogenic peptides. Huberman Lab
- Dr Peter Attia, MD: Huberman Lab episode on supplements for longevity. Source for the conservative stance on most peptides and the strong endorsement of semaglutide, tirzepatide, and tesamorelin. Huberman Lab
- Andrew Huberman, PhD: Huberman Lab episode on peptide therapeutics, April 2024. Source for the BPC-157 herniated disc story, the sermorelin 3-to-5-nights-a-week pattern, the pinealon REM observation. Huberman Lab
- Huberman, public statements 2023: Sermorelin dosing context. Source for the practitioner sermorelin protocol cited in the field reference. Huberman Lab
Supply chain and third-party testing
Quality references for practitioner-sourcing protocols.
- HPLC and mass spectrometry certificate of analysis. All compounded peptides. Practitioner minimum for batch verification.. Link
- US 503A compounding pharmacies. All compounded peptides. FDA-registered outsourcing facilities.. Link
- US 503B outsourcing facilities. All compounded peptides. FDA-registered outsourcing facilities (sterile).. Link
How to use this page
This page is the canonical citation index for the site. Every paper, regulatory document, and named practitioner appearance that the field reference, the safety report, the performance FAQ, or the articles relies on should appear here.
If you find a citation in another part of the site that is not listed here, flag it as a SYNTHESIS finding in the evidence review.
If you find a citation here that does not support the claim the site attaches to it, flag it as an ERR finding.
URLs in this list are PubMed search URLs (for primary literature), FDA document URLs (for regulatory), and the Huberman Lab index (for practitioner appearances). Where a DOI or canonical URL is available, it is preferred. The reviewer should replace any [verify] tag with the canonical link.
Maintenance
The editorial team adds new citations here as the field reference, the safety report, the FAQ, and the articles grow. The site admin reviews this page on a 30-day cycle to catch drift between the body content and the citation index. If a citation drops out of use in the body, it should be removed here. If a new citation appears in the body, it should be added here in the same edit.
For corrections: corrections@thepeptideindex.info.